lipid metabolism antibody sampler kit Search Results


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The siRNA and PCR primer sequence
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Fig. 1. Deduced amino acid sequence of starfish <t>PDK1</t> and its alignment with human PDK1. The starfish (sf ) PDK1 sequence has been submitted to the DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank databases under accession No.AB110536. The large box indicates the kinase domain (Asp116–Glu378 in sf PDK1), and the small box indicates the C-terminal PH domain (Phe469–Gln566 in sf PDK1), respectively. Identical amino acids with human PDK1 (accession No.NP002604) are shaded, and gaps introduced for optimal alignment are indicated by dashes, using the DNASIS software.
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Fig. 1. Deduced amino acid sequence of starfish <t>PDK1</t> and its alignment with human PDK1. The starfish (sf ) PDK1 sequence has been submitted to the DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank databases under accession No.AB110536. The large box indicates the kinase domain (Asp116–Glu378 in sf PDK1), and the small box indicates the C-terminal PH domain (Phe469–Gln566 in sf PDK1), respectively. Identical amino acids with human PDK1 (accession No.NP002604) are shaded, and gaps introduced for optimal alignment are indicated by dashes, using the DNASIS software.
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Serum concentrations of fetuin A, <t>FABP4</t> and RBP4 in patients with Cushing’s syndrome and controls. (A) Fetuin A; Student’s t test p<0.000001. (B) FABP4; Mann-Whitney U test p between 0.0001 and 0.001. (C) RBP4; Mann-Whitney U test p between 0.0001 and 0.001. FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; UFC, urinary free cortisol.
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Image Search Results


The siRNA and PCR primer sequence

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: The siRNA and PCR primer sequence

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Sequencing

Known phosphorylation sites in TAp73. Notes: The 14 known sites collected from www.PhosphoSitePlus.org . Phosphorylation at the sites of residues within the TA domains (in red) had a negative effect on TAp73 function. Excepting site S235, phosphorylation at the sites in domains other than TA (in black) had a positive effect on TAp73 function. TA, DBD, OD, and SAM are different function domains in TAp73. Adapted with permission from PhosphoSite Plus ® , www.PhosphoSitePlus.org . Abbreviations: TA, transactivation domain; DBD, DNA-binding domain; OD, oligomerization domain; SAM, sterile-alpha motif domain.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: Known phosphorylation sites in TAp73. Notes: The 14 known sites collected from www.PhosphoSitePlus.org . Phosphorylation at the sites of residues within the TA domains (in red) had a negative effect on TAp73 function. Excepting site S235, phosphorylation at the sites in domains other than TA (in black) had a positive effect on TAp73 function. TA, DBD, OD, and SAM are different function domains in TAp73. Adapted with permission from PhosphoSite Plus ® , www.PhosphoSitePlus.org . Abbreviations: TA, transactivation domain; DBD, DNA-binding domain; OD, oligomerization domain; SAM, sterile-alpha motif domain.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Binding Assay, Sterility

PLK2 binds to TAp73 depending on the expression level of TAp73. Notes: ( A ) Normally, PLK2 binds to TAp73 in MG63 cells expressing high levels of TAp73 and does not bind to Saos2 cells expressing low levels of TAp73. ( B ) After stimulation with moderate doses of DNA-damaging drugs, PLK2 binds to TAp73 in MG63, Saos2, UM-SCC-22A, and UM-SCC1 cells. Abbreviations: Co-IP, coimmunoprecipitation; IP, immunoprecipitation; IB, immunoblot; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; MG63, MG63 cell; SCC22A, UM-SCC-22A cell; SCC1, UM-SCC-1 cell; Saos2, Saos2 cell; NT, no treatment; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; IFO, ifosfamide.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 binds to TAp73 depending on the expression level of TAp73. Notes: ( A ) Normally, PLK2 binds to TAp73 in MG63 cells expressing high levels of TAp73 and does not bind to Saos2 cells expressing low levels of TAp73. ( B ) After stimulation with moderate doses of DNA-damaging drugs, PLK2 binds to TAp73 in MG63, Saos2, UM-SCC-22A, and UM-SCC1 cells. Abbreviations: Co-IP, coimmunoprecipitation; IP, immunoprecipitation; IB, immunoblot; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; MG63, MG63 cell; SCC22A, UM-SCC-22A cell; SCC1, UM-SCC-1 cell; Saos2, Saos2 cell; NT, no treatment; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; IFO, ifosfamide.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Expressing, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot

Expression levels of TAp73 and PLK2 under different conditions. Notes: ( A and B ) Under normal culture conditions, high levels of TAp73 at the protein and mRNA levels appeared in MG63 and SCC22A cells compared with Saos2 and SCC1 cells. ( C ) TAp73 and PLK2 mRNA expression levels were proportional, in a DNA-damaging drug dose-dependent manner, in cells treated with drugs for 2 hours. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01 versus the experimental value. Samples were tested at least in triplicate. Abbreviations: WB, Western blot; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; MG63, MG63 cell; SCC22A, UM-SCC-22A cell; SCC1, UM-SCC-1 cell; Saos2, Saos2 cell; normal, under normal culture; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression levels of TAp73 and PLK2 under different conditions. Notes: ( A and B ) Under normal culture conditions, high levels of TAp73 at the protein and mRNA levels appeared in MG63 and SCC22A cells compared with Saos2 and SCC1 cells. ( C ) TAp73 and PLK2 mRNA expression levels were proportional, in a DNA-damaging drug dose-dependent manner, in cells treated with drugs for 2 hours. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01 versus the experimental value. Samples were tested at least in triplicate. Abbreviations: WB, Western blot; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; MG63, MG63 cell; SCC22A, UM-SCC-22A cell; SCC1, UM-SCC-1 cell; Saos2, Saos2 cell; normal, under normal culture; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

PLK2 phosphorylates TAp73 at Ser48. Notes: ( A ) Phosphorylation of endogenous TAp73 was observed in cell samples with an abundance of TAp73. TAp73 phosphorylation was prohibited by PLK2 inhibition. DNA-damaging drugs used for upregulating TAp73 were administered at a concentration of 50 μg/mL and treatment lasted 8 hours. ( B ) After plasmid transfection for 48 hours, ectopic PLK2, TAp73, and TAp73 (S48A) were tested. ( C ) In Phos-tag™ WB assays, phosphorylation of exogenous Flag-TAp73 occurred at the indicated time points in 2 hours after incubation with Flag-PLK2. ( D ) Only nonphosphorylated protein was observed when analyzing TAp73 point mutant Flag-TAp73 (S48A) at the indicated time points after incubation with Flag-PLK2. Abbreviations: WB, Western blot; NT, no treatment; Contr-si, control siRNA; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; UM-SCC1, UM-SCC-1 cell; MG63, MG63 cell; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA; TAp73-p, phosphorylation TAp73; min, minutes.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 phosphorylates TAp73 at Ser48. Notes: ( A ) Phosphorylation of endogenous TAp73 was observed in cell samples with an abundance of TAp73. TAp73 phosphorylation was prohibited by PLK2 inhibition. DNA-damaging drugs used for upregulating TAp73 were administered at a concentration of 50 μg/mL and treatment lasted 8 hours. ( B ) After plasmid transfection for 48 hours, ectopic PLK2, TAp73, and TAp73 (S48A) were tested. ( C ) In Phos-tag™ WB assays, phosphorylation of exogenous Flag-TAp73 occurred at the indicated time points in 2 hours after incubation with Flag-PLK2. ( D ) Only nonphosphorylated protein was observed when analyzing TAp73 point mutant Flag-TAp73 (S48A) at the indicated time points after incubation with Flag-PLK2. Abbreviations: WB, Western blot; NT, no treatment; Contr-si, control siRNA; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; UM-SCC1, UM-SCC-1 cell; MG63, MG63 cell; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA; TAp73-p, phosphorylation TAp73; min, minutes.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Inhibition, Concentration Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Incubation, Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Control

PLK2 suppresses TAp73 transcriptional activity. Notes: ( A – D ) Without CDDP (50 μg/mL) or ADM (50 μg/mL) stimulation for 2 hours, PLK2 inhibition did not increase p21 or puma mRNA expression in Saos2, but did in MG63. PLK2 inhibition enhanced the DNA-damaging drug-dependent increase, which weakened when TAp73 was downregulated. ( E and F ) TAp73 did not affect PLK2 mRNA expression and vice versa. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01 versus the experimental value. At least three separate samples were tested. Abbreviations: Saos2, Saos2 cell; MG63, MG63 cell; normal, under normal culture; Contr-si, control siRNA; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 suppresses TAp73 transcriptional activity. Notes: ( A – D ) Without CDDP (50 μg/mL) or ADM (50 μg/mL) stimulation for 2 hours, PLK2 inhibition did not increase p21 or puma mRNA expression in Saos2, but did in MG63. PLK2 inhibition enhanced the DNA-damaging drug-dependent increase, which weakened when TAp73 was downregulated. ( E and F ) TAp73 did not affect PLK2 mRNA expression and vice versa. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01 versus the experimental value. At least three separate samples were tested. Abbreviations: Saos2, Saos2 cell; MG63, MG63 cell; normal, under normal culture; Contr-si, control siRNA; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition, Expressing, Control

PLK2 and TAp73 affect each other at the posttranslational level. Notes: ( A ) With or without DNA-damaging drug stimulation (50 μg/mL) for 2 hours, PLK2 variations did not affect TAp73 protein levels, but changed P21 and PUMA protein levels in MG63 cells. ( B ) After ADM stimulation (25 μg/mL), the half-life of nascent PLK2 protein shortened from ~20 minutes in Saos2 to 15 minutes in TAp73-knockdown Saos2. This assay was repeated in triplicate. Abbreviations: NT, no treatment; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; Contr-si, control siRNA; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; Saos2, Saos2 cell; TAp73-KD, TAp73 knockdown; min, minutes.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 and TAp73 affect each other at the posttranslational level. Notes: ( A ) With or without DNA-damaging drug stimulation (50 μg/mL) for 2 hours, PLK2 variations did not affect TAp73 protein levels, but changed P21 and PUMA protein levels in MG63 cells. ( B ) After ADM stimulation (25 μg/mL), the half-life of nascent PLK2 protein shortened from ~20 minutes in Saos2 to 15 minutes in TAp73-knockdown Saos2. This assay was repeated in triplicate. Abbreviations: NT, no treatment; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; Contr-si, control siRNA; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; Saos2, Saos2 cell; TAp73-KD, TAp73 knockdown; min, minutes.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Knockdown, Control

PLK2 affects TAp73 translocation. Notes: The upper row shows that in UM-SCC1 cells treated with ADM (50 μg/mL), PLK2 (red) and TAp73 (green) signals are almost uniform in the cytoplasm and punctuated in the nucleus. The bottom row shows that TAp73 signal appears intense within the nucleus when PLK2 is knocked down by siRNA, suggesting that PLK2 inhibits TAp73 translocation to the nucleus. At least 200 cells were observed within discrete areas of each sample, and three independent wells of the examined cell lines were detected. Abbreviations: ADM, adriamycin; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 affects TAp73 translocation. Notes: The upper row shows that in UM-SCC1 cells treated with ADM (50 μg/mL), PLK2 (red) and TAp73 (green) signals are almost uniform in the cytoplasm and punctuated in the nucleus. The bottom row shows that TAp73 signal appears intense within the nucleus when PLK2 is knocked down by siRNA, suggesting that PLK2 inhibits TAp73 translocation to the nucleus. At least 200 cells were observed within discrete areas of each sample, and three independent wells of the examined cell lines were detected. Abbreviations: ADM, adriamycin; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Translocation Assay

PLK2 affects enriched TAp73 by regulating cell cycle progression and survival. Notes: ( A and B ) PLK2 inhibition increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase in MG63 cells. PLK2 inhibition enlarged the CDDP-dependent increase in the proportion of G1 phase cells. siTAp73 pretreatment offset this increase. At least 10,000 cells within each sample were observed, and three independent wells of the examined cell lines were detected. ( C ) A similar tendency occurred in cell apoptosis assays. This assay indicates that PLK2 can promote cell cycle progression and cell survival through phosphorylation of TAp73 which prohibits transcription activity. At least 300 cells were observed within discrete areas of each sample, and three independent wells of the examined cell lines were detected. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01 versus the experimental value. Abbreviations: MG63, MG63 cell; normal, under normal culture condition; Contr-si, control siRNA; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 affects enriched TAp73 by regulating cell cycle progression and survival. Notes: ( A and B ) PLK2 inhibition increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase in MG63 cells. PLK2 inhibition enlarged the CDDP-dependent increase in the proportion of G1 phase cells. siTAp73 pretreatment offset this increase. At least 10,000 cells within each sample were observed, and three independent wells of the examined cell lines were detected. ( C ) A similar tendency occurred in cell apoptosis assays. This assay indicates that PLK2 can promote cell cycle progression and cell survival through phosphorylation of TAp73 which prohibits transcription activity. At least 300 cells were observed within discrete areas of each sample, and three independent wells of the examined cell lines were detected. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01 versus the experimental value. Abbreviations: MG63, MG63 cell; normal, under normal culture condition; Contr-si, control siRNA; siPLK2, PLK2-siRNA; PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; CDDP, cisplatin; ADM, adriamycin; inhibitor, PLK2 inhibitor EPR582646; siTAp73, TAp73-siRNA.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Inhibition, Phospho-proteomics, Activity Assay, Control

PLK2 regulates the fate of human tumor cells in a TAp73 concentration-dependent manner. Abbreviations: PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; ATP, adenosine triphosphate.

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S90302

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLK2 regulates the fate of human tumor cells in a TAp73 concentration-dependent manner. Abbreviations: PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2; ATP, adenosine triphosphate.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence assay: primary antibodies against PLK2 (EPR10070, ab154794, Abcam, MA, USA) and TAp73 (1E8, ab118985, Abcam, USA) and secondary antibodies against PLK2 (anti-rabbit 594, ZF-0416, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China) and TAp73 (anti-mouse-488, ZF-0412, ZSGB-BIO, People’s Republic of China).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Fig. 1. Deduced amino acid sequence of starfish PDK1 and its alignment with human PDK1. The starfish (sf ) PDK1 sequence has been submitted to the DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank databases under accession No.AB110536. The large box indicates the kinase domain (Asp116–Glu378 in sf PDK1), and the small box indicates the C-terminal PH domain (Phe469–Gln566 in sf PDK1), respectively. Identical amino acids with human PDK1 (accession No.NP002604) are shaded, and gaps introduced for optimal alignment are indicated by dashes, using the DNASIS software.

Journal: Developmental biology

Article Title: PDK1 is required for the hormonal signaling pathway leading to meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes.

doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Deduced amino acid sequence of starfish PDK1 and its alignment with human PDK1. The starfish (sf ) PDK1 sequence has been submitted to the DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank databases under accession No.AB110536. The large box indicates the kinase domain (Asp116–Glu378 in sf PDK1), and the small box indicates the C-terminal PH domain (Phe469–Gln566 in sf PDK1), respectively. Identical amino acids with human PDK1 (accession No.NP002604) are shaded, and gaps introduced for optimal alignment are indicated by dashes, using the DNASIS software.

Article Snippet: Briefly, the anti-Asterina PDK1 immunoprecipitates were incubated with inactive human Akt, 10 AM of PI(3,4,5)P3 (Biomol) mixed with 100 AM each of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (Avanti Polar Lipids), and 0.0185 kBq/ml [32P]ATP for 10 min at 258C.

Techniques: Sequencing, Software

Fig. 2. PDK1 is required for meiotic G2–M phase transition in starfish oocytes. (A) PDK1 activity remains constant at meiotic reinitiation. (B) The anti-kinase domain antibody inhibits PDK1 activity in vitro. Immunopre- cipitates of PDK1 with the anti-C-terminus antibody (A and B) or the anti- kinase domain antibody (B) from immature (A and B) and 1-MeAde-treated (A) starfish oocytes were incubated with 32P-ATP and human SGK1 (A) or human Akt (A and B) in the presence or absence of PIP3. The assay mixture was analyzed by autoradiography (hSGK1 and hAkt) and by immunoblot- ting with the anti-starfish PDK1-C-terminus antibody (sfPDK1). (C and D) The anti-PDK1 kinase domain antibody inhibits the activation of cyclin B- Cdc2 and the reinitiation of meiosis. After microinjection of the anti-kinase domain antibody into immature oocytes, 1-MeAde was added and then GVBD was scored (C, circles) or Cdc2 was analyzed by immunoblotting (D). Triangles indicate control IgG injection and squares uninjected control (C). The top panel shows immunoblots with anti-phospho-Cdc2-Tyr15 (pY15) and bottom panel with anti-PSTAIR (Cdc2) antibodies (D).

Journal: Developmental biology

Article Title: PDK1 is required for the hormonal signaling pathway leading to meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes.

doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. PDK1 is required for meiotic G2–M phase transition in starfish oocytes. (A) PDK1 activity remains constant at meiotic reinitiation. (B) The anti-kinase domain antibody inhibits PDK1 activity in vitro. Immunopre- cipitates of PDK1 with the anti-C-terminus antibody (A and B) or the anti- kinase domain antibody (B) from immature (A and B) and 1-MeAde-treated (A) starfish oocytes were incubated with 32P-ATP and human SGK1 (A) or human Akt (A and B) in the presence or absence of PIP3. The assay mixture was analyzed by autoradiography (hSGK1 and hAkt) and by immunoblot- ting with the anti-starfish PDK1-C-terminus antibody (sfPDK1). (C and D) The anti-PDK1 kinase domain antibody inhibits the activation of cyclin B- Cdc2 and the reinitiation of meiosis. After microinjection of the anti-kinase domain antibody into immature oocytes, 1-MeAde was added and then GVBD was scored (C, circles) or Cdc2 was analyzed by immunoblotting (D). Triangles indicate control IgG injection and squares uninjected control (C). The top panel shows immunoblots with anti-phospho-Cdc2-Tyr15 (pY15) and bottom panel with anti-PSTAIR (Cdc2) antibodies (D).

Article Snippet: Briefly, the anti-Asterina PDK1 immunoprecipitates were incubated with inactive human Akt, 10 AM of PI(3,4,5)P3 (Biomol) mixed with 100 AM each of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (Avanti Polar Lipids), and 0.0185 kBq/ml [32P]ATP for 10 min at 258C.

Techniques: Sublimation, Activity Assay, In Vitro, Incubation, Autoradiography, Western Blot, Activation Assay, Microinjection, Control, Injection

Fig. 3. The PDK2 site on Akt is phosphorylated in vivo independent of phosphorylation of the PDK1 site. (A) Human Akt (hAkt) is phosphory- lated in starfish oocytes after 1-MeAde addition. The inactive form of hAkt was injected into immature oocytes and then its phosphorylation after 1- MeAde addition was monitored by immunoblotting. Top panel shows immunoblots stained with anti-phospho-Thr308; middle, anti-phospho- Ser473; bottom, anti-hAkt-PH domain. (B) Phosphorylation of Ser473, but not of Thr308, on hAkt occurs after 1-MeAde addition in PDK1-inhibited oocytes. The anti-PDK1 kinase domain antibody and hAkt were co-injected into immature oocytes. Ten minutes after 1-MeAde addition, oocytes were processed for immunoblotting of hAkt with anti-phospho-Thr308 (top), anti-phospho-Ser473 (middle), and anti-hAkt-PH domain (bottom). Note that in oocytes in which PDK1 activity was suppressed, GVBD did not occur even when phosphorylation of Ser473 was induced by 1-MeAde addition. An arrowhead indicates the control phosphorylation of Thr308 on Akt. Asterisks indicate the signal derived from injected IgG.

Journal: Developmental biology

Article Title: PDK1 is required for the hormonal signaling pathway leading to meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes.

doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. The PDK2 site on Akt is phosphorylated in vivo independent of phosphorylation of the PDK1 site. (A) Human Akt (hAkt) is phosphory- lated in starfish oocytes after 1-MeAde addition. The inactive form of hAkt was injected into immature oocytes and then its phosphorylation after 1- MeAde addition was monitored by immunoblotting. Top panel shows immunoblots stained with anti-phospho-Thr308; middle, anti-phospho- Ser473; bottom, anti-hAkt-PH domain. (B) Phosphorylation of Ser473, but not of Thr308, on hAkt occurs after 1-MeAde addition in PDK1-inhibited oocytes. The anti-PDK1 kinase domain antibody and hAkt were co-injected into immature oocytes. Ten minutes after 1-MeAde addition, oocytes were processed for immunoblotting of hAkt with anti-phospho-Thr308 (top), anti-phospho-Ser473 (middle), and anti-hAkt-PH domain (bottom). Note that in oocytes in which PDK1 activity was suppressed, GVBD did not occur even when phosphorylation of Ser473 was induced by 1-MeAde addition. An arrowhead indicates the control phosphorylation of Thr308 on Akt. Asterisks indicate the signal derived from injected IgG.

Article Snippet: Briefly, the anti-Asterina PDK1 immunoprecipitates were incubated with inactive human Akt, 10 AM of PI(3,4,5)P3 (Biomol) mixed with 100 AM each of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (Avanti Polar Lipids), and 0.0185 kBq/ml [32P]ATP for 10 min at 258C.

Techniques: In Vivo, Phospho-proteomics, Injection, Western Blot, Staining, Activity Assay, Control, Derivative Assay

Fig. 4. PDK2 activity is detectable in starfish oocyte extracts in the absence of PDK1 and Akt. (A) Similar levels of PDK2 activity are detectable in extracts from immature and hormone-treated starfish oocytes. Extracts from 1-MeAde-untreated (immature) or -treated oocytes were recovered after low-speed centrifugation and assayed for the Ser473 kinase activity on human Akt in the presence (+) or absence () of PIP3. Phosphorylation of Ser473 (pS473) was detected with anti-phospho-Ser473 antibody. (B) PDK2 activity is detectable independent of phosphorylation on the PDK1 site. The low-speed extracts from immature oocytes were assayed for the Ser473 and the Thr308 kinase activities on human Akt in the absence of PIP3. As a control, full-length recombinant starfish PDK1 was added to human Akt in the presence of PIP3. Phosphorylation of Thr308 (pT308) was detected with anti-phospho-Thr308 antibody. (C) PDK2 activity is associated with membrane faction. After ultracentrifugation of the low-speed supernatant (W), each of soluble cytoplasmic fraction (C) and membrane fraction (M) overlaying the pellet was recovered and assayed for the S473-phosphorylating activity. Immunoblots of Myt1 (left) were shown as a marker of membrane. (D and E) PDK2 activity is detectable after immunodepletion of PDK1 or Akt. Either endogenous PDK1 (D) or Akt (E) was immunodepleted from low-speed supernatants from 1-MeAde-treated oocytes (similar data were obtained from untreated immature oocytes). The extracts were then assayed for Ser473 kinase activity on human Akt. Each left panel shows the levels of immunodepletion of PDK1 and Akt, respectively. Because the Ser473 phosphorylation assay was performed in the absence of PIP3, PDK1 activity (Thr308 phosphorylation) was undetectable even in mock-depleted extracts.

Journal: Developmental biology

Article Title: PDK1 is required for the hormonal signaling pathway leading to meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes.

doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. PDK2 activity is detectable in starfish oocyte extracts in the absence of PDK1 and Akt. (A) Similar levels of PDK2 activity are detectable in extracts from immature and hormone-treated starfish oocytes. Extracts from 1-MeAde-untreated (immature) or -treated oocytes were recovered after low-speed centrifugation and assayed for the Ser473 kinase activity on human Akt in the presence (+) or absence () of PIP3. Phosphorylation of Ser473 (pS473) was detected with anti-phospho-Ser473 antibody. (B) PDK2 activity is detectable independent of phosphorylation on the PDK1 site. The low-speed extracts from immature oocytes were assayed for the Ser473 and the Thr308 kinase activities on human Akt in the absence of PIP3. As a control, full-length recombinant starfish PDK1 was added to human Akt in the presence of PIP3. Phosphorylation of Thr308 (pT308) was detected with anti-phospho-Thr308 antibody. (C) PDK2 activity is associated with membrane faction. After ultracentrifugation of the low-speed supernatant (W), each of soluble cytoplasmic fraction (C) and membrane fraction (M) overlaying the pellet was recovered and assayed for the S473-phosphorylating activity. Immunoblots of Myt1 (left) were shown as a marker of membrane. (D and E) PDK2 activity is detectable after immunodepletion of PDK1 or Akt. Either endogenous PDK1 (D) or Akt (E) was immunodepleted from low-speed supernatants from 1-MeAde-treated oocytes (similar data were obtained from untreated immature oocytes). The extracts were then assayed for Ser473 kinase activity on human Akt. Each left panel shows the levels of immunodepletion of PDK1 and Akt, respectively. Because the Ser473 phosphorylation assay was performed in the absence of PIP3, PDK1 activity (Thr308 phosphorylation) was undetectable even in mock-depleted extracts.

Article Snippet: Briefly, the anti-Asterina PDK1 immunoprecipitates were incubated with inactive human Akt, 10 AM of PI(3,4,5)P3 (Biomol) mixed with 100 AM each of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (Avanti Polar Lipids), and 0.0185 kBq/ml [32P]ATP for 10 min at 258C.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Centrifugation, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Recombinant, Membrane, Western Blot, Marker, Immunodepletion

Fig. 5. A model for the hormonal signaling pathway that leads to cyclin B-Cdc2 activation at meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes. (A) In immature starfish oocytes, PDK1 and PDK2 might be present as an active form in cytoplasm and associated with plasma membrane, respectively. But they cannot phosphorylate Akt due to the lack of occasion to meet each other. (B) Upon binding of 1-MeAde to its putative surface receptor that is coupled to a heterotrimeric G-protein, the released Ghg might activate PI3-K to produce PIP3, thus providing an occasion in which PDK1 (the Thr315 kinase), PDK2 (the Ser477 kinase), and Akt meet each other mainly through PIP3–PH domain interaction. As a result, the phosphorylated and activated Akt reverses the balance between opposing Cdc25 and Myt1 activities to cause the activation of cyclin B-Cdc2.

Journal: Developmental biology

Article Title: PDK1 is required for the hormonal signaling pathway leading to meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes.

doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. A model for the hormonal signaling pathway that leads to cyclin B-Cdc2 activation at meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes. (A) In immature starfish oocytes, PDK1 and PDK2 might be present as an active form in cytoplasm and associated with plasma membrane, respectively. But they cannot phosphorylate Akt due to the lack of occasion to meet each other. (B) Upon binding of 1-MeAde to its putative surface receptor that is coupled to a heterotrimeric G-protein, the released Ghg might activate PI3-K to produce PIP3, thus providing an occasion in which PDK1 (the Thr315 kinase), PDK2 (the Ser477 kinase), and Akt meet each other mainly through PIP3–PH domain interaction. As a result, the phosphorylated and activated Akt reverses the balance between opposing Cdc25 and Myt1 activities to cause the activation of cyclin B-Cdc2.

Article Snippet: Briefly, the anti-Asterina PDK1 immunoprecipitates were incubated with inactive human Akt, 10 AM of PI(3,4,5)P3 (Biomol) mixed with 100 AM each of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (Avanti Polar Lipids), and 0.0185 kBq/ml [32P]ATP for 10 min at 258C.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Binding Assay

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: Hypericin mediated photodynamic therapy induces ferroptosis via inhibiting the AKT/mTORC1/GPX4 axis in cholangiocarcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102234

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Lipid Peroxidation MDA Assay Kit , Beyotime , Cat#S0131S , China.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Multiple Displacement Amplification, GSSG Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Lysis, Staining, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics according to periodontal stage.

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Could Be a Linking Biomarker Between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics according to periodontal stage.

Article Snippet: The blood sample was centrifuged in the laboratory to separate the serum, and then confirmed the P. gingivalis antibody titer by P. gingivalis antibody titer ELISA kit (Boster Biological Technology, New York, NY, USA) and FABP4 levels using Human FABP4/A Fabp ELISA Kit (PicoKine ® , Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques:

(A) Comparison of indicators before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. (B) Comparison of indicators before and after periodontal treatment, catagorized by stage.

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Could Be a Linking Biomarker Between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020402

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Comparison of indicators before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. (B) Comparison of indicators before and after periodontal treatment, catagorized by stage.

Article Snippet: The blood sample was centrifuged in the laboratory to separate the serum, and then confirmed the P. gingivalis antibody titer by P. gingivalis antibody titer ELISA kit (Boster Biological Technology, New York, NY, USA) and FABP4 levels using Human FABP4/A Fabp ELISA Kit (PicoKine ® , Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques: Comparison

( A – C ) FABP4 changes after periodontal treatment in each stage. ( D – F ) P. gingivalis antibody titer level changes after periodontal treatment in each stage.

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Could Be a Linking Biomarker Between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020402

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A – C ) FABP4 changes after periodontal treatment in each stage. ( D – F ) P. gingivalis antibody titer level changes after periodontal treatment in each stage.

Article Snippet: The blood sample was centrifuged in the laboratory to separate the serum, and then confirmed the P. gingivalis antibody titer by P. gingivalis antibody titer ELISA kit (Boster Biological Technology, New York, NY, USA) and FABP4 levels using Human FABP4/A Fabp ELISA Kit (PicoKine ® , Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques:

( A – D ) Correlations between changes in FABP4 and Clinical parameters. ( E ) Correlations between changes in FABP4 and P. gingivalis antibody titer.

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Could Be a Linking Biomarker Between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020402

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A – D ) Correlations between changes in FABP4 and Clinical parameters. ( E ) Correlations between changes in FABP4 and P. gingivalis antibody titer.

Article Snippet: The blood sample was centrifuged in the laboratory to separate the serum, and then confirmed the P. gingivalis antibody titer by P. gingivalis antibody titer ELISA kit (Boster Biological Technology, New York, NY, USA) and FABP4 levels using Human FABP4/A Fabp ELISA Kit (PicoKine ® , Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques:

Serum concentrations of fetuin A, FABP4 and RBP4 in patients with Cushing’s syndrome and controls. (A) Fetuin A; Student’s t test p<0.000001. (B) FABP4; Mann-Whitney U test p between 0.0001 and 0.001. (C) RBP4; Mann-Whitney U test p between 0.0001 and 0.001. FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; UFC, urinary free cortisol.

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Cushing’s syndrome is associated with altered adipokine profile

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032329

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum concentrations of fetuin A, FABP4 and RBP4 in patients with Cushing’s syndrome and controls. (A) Fetuin A; Student’s t test p<0.000001. (B) FABP4; Mann-Whitney U test p between 0.0001 and 0.001. (C) RBP4; Mann-Whitney U test p between 0.0001 and 0.001. FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; UFC, urinary free cortisol.

Article Snippet: After recruitment completion, the analyses were performed using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits: Human fetuin A ELISA kit (BioVendor Laboratory Medicine Cat# RD191037100), Human adipocyte FABP ELISA kit (BioVendor Laboratory Medicine Cat# RD191036200R, RRID : AB_2813774), Human RBP4 ELISA kit (Immundiagnostik AG Cat# K 6110).

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY, Binding Assay

Correlations between adipokines and 24-hour urinary free cortisol. (A) Fetuin A and UFC. (B) FABP4 and UFC. (C) RBP4 and UFC. Spearman’s rank order correlation test; Lowess, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; UFC, urinary free cortisol.

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Cushing’s syndrome is associated with altered adipokine profile

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032329

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations between adipokines and 24-hour urinary free cortisol. (A) Fetuin A and UFC. (B) FABP4 and UFC. (C) RBP4 and UFC. Spearman’s rank order correlation test; Lowess, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; UFC, urinary free cortisol.

Article Snippet: After recruitment completion, the analyses were performed using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits: Human fetuin A ELISA kit (BioVendor Laboratory Medicine Cat# RD191037100), Human adipocyte FABP ELISA kit (BioVendor Laboratory Medicine Cat# RD191036200R, RRID : AB_2813774), Human RBP4 ELISA kit (Immundiagnostik AG Cat# K 6110).

Techniques: Binding Assay

Correlations between adipokines. (A) Fetuin A and FABP4. (B) Fetuin A and RBP4. (C) RBP4 and FABP4. Spearman’s rank order correlation test; Lowess, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4.

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Cushing’s syndrome is associated with altered adipokine profile

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032329

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations between adipokines. (A) Fetuin A and FABP4. (B) Fetuin A and RBP4. (C) RBP4 and FABP4. Spearman’s rank order correlation test; Lowess, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4.

Article Snippet: After recruitment completion, the analyses were performed using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits: Human fetuin A ELISA kit (BioVendor Laboratory Medicine Cat# RD191037100), Human adipocyte FABP ELISA kit (BioVendor Laboratory Medicine Cat# RD191036200R, RRID : AB_2813774), Human RBP4 ELISA kit (Immundiagnostik AG Cat# K 6110).

Techniques: Binding Assay